centos7下基于nginx+uwsgi部署Django项目的实现


    目录
  • 一:基础环境介绍:
  • 二:部署环境安装配置:
    • 1.基础依赖环境安装
    • 2.安装wegt,vim,unzip等必须命令
    • 3.安装python与pip(或者python多版本管理工具pyenv等)
    • 4.安装nginx
    • 5.安装uwsgi
  • 三:部署django项目:
    • 1.上传项目并安装项目模块并启动测试
    • 2.在项目里配置uwsgi.ini配置文件
    • 3.配置nginx
  • 四:备注
  • 五、部署报错:

    一:基础环境介绍:
  • Centos:7.8(cat /etc/redhat-release查看版本号)
  • Python:3.9.5(python -V查看版本号)
  • Django:4.2(django-admin --version查看版本号)
  • Uwsgi:2.0.21(uwsgi --version查看版本号)
  • Nginx:1.20.1 (nginx -v查看版本号)
  • mysql-community-common-8.0(可自行安装)

    二:部署环境安装配置:
    1.基础依赖环境安装
    
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel 
ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel
 gcc make gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

    2.安装wegt,vim,unzip等必须命令
    
yum -y install wget vim unzip

    3.安装python与pip(或者python多版本管理工具pyenv等)
    
## 1.下载自己需要版本的python版本包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/Python-3.9.5.tar.xz
 
## 2.新建python3目录
mkdir /usr/local/python3
 
## 3.安装Python3压缩包,进入解压目录,指定安装目录,安装Python3
tar -xvf  Python-3.9.5.tar.xz
cd Python-3.9.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
 
## 4.安装Python3时,会自动安装pip,如果没有就手动安装
yum -y install python-pip
 
## 5.pip配置(更换pip的源)
(1)编辑pip.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~ 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir .pip 
[root@localhost ~]# vim pip.conf
 
 
 
[global] 
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
[install] 
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
 

 
(2) 安装依赖安装好pip
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum install python-pip
[root@localhost ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
 
## 6.升级下pip
pip install --upgrade pip
 
 
## 7.创建软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
 
 
## 输入python3测试是否安装成功
python -V

    4.安装nginx
    
## 1.yum方式安装nginx
yum -y install nginx
 
## 2.查看nginx版本
nginx -v
 
## 3.启动nginx
systemctl status nginx  ## 查看nginx状态
 
systemctl start nginx   ## 开启nginx服务
 
systemctl stop nginx     ## 关闭nginx服务

    5.安装uwsgi
    
## 1.安装uwsgi
pip3 install uwsgi
 
## 2.建立软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi
 
## 3.查看uwsgi版本
uwsgi --version

    三:部署django项目:
    1.上传项目并安装项目模块并启动测试
    
## 1.pip导出项目依赖包
pip freeze > requirements.txt

## 2.上传文件到服务器
 
## 3.解压项目
unzaip tman.zip
 
## 4.pip安装项目依赖模块
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
 
## 5.通过python3 manage.py runserver运行一下项目,如果能正常启动则进行下一步,不能正常运行往上检查。
这里需要注意使用python3来执行manage.py,否则会出现报错情况!

    2.在项目里配置uwsgi.ini配置文件
    (1)在settings.py所在目录vim新文件项目名称.ini
    
    (2)配置项目名称.ini文件
    
[uwsgi]
master=true
chdir=/var/tman
module=tman.wsgi
py-autoreload=1
lazy-apps=true  
socket=127.0.0.1:8000
processes=4
# pid文件,用于脚本启动,停止
pidfile=uwsgi.pid
buffer-size=32768
daemonize=uwsgi.log
log-maxsize = 5000000
vacuum = true
disable-logging = true

    (3)检查settings.py配置并收集项目静态文件
    一般都是这个配置,我的是基于vue的前后端分离项目:
    
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'dist/static'),
]

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

    url.py配置:
    
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/', include('tadmin.urls')),
    path('', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'))
]

    非前后端分离项目可以使用如下命令收集静态文件:
    
python manage.py collectstatic

    基于vue使用如下命令进行前端打包:
    
npm run build

    (4)启动测试,并查看日志
    
## 在当前目录启动
uwsgi -i tman.ini
 
## 启动之后查看进程
ps -ef | grep uwsgi

    
    查看进程
    
    查看日志
    
    3.配置nginx
    
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    nginx.conf配置
    
 server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name 192.168.75.188;
        charset utf-8;

        location /static/ {
          alias /var/tman/dist/static/;
          index index.html index.htm;
        }
  
        location / {
          include uwsgi_params;
          uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
        }
        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

    (4)启动nginx
    
[root@localhost tman]# nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost tman]# nginx -s reload

    (5)访问项目http://192.168.75.188/#/
    
    四:备注
    之后项目重启只需要重启uwsgi之后再重启nginx即可,切记正式环境要关掉django的debug模式,防止报错源码被看到。
    
## 项目重启
killall -9  uwsgi
uwsgi -i tman.ini
nginx -s reload

    uwsgi操作
    
uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
# 重启uswgi
uwsgi --reload uwsgi.pid
# 停止uwsgi
uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid

    五、部署报错:
    (1)pip3安装mysqlclient==2.1.1报错
    
/bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found
/bin/sh: mariadb_config: command not found
/bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found

    解决办法:
    
yum -y  install mysql-devel

    
    Error: MariaDB-compat conflicts with 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
    Error: Package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 (base)
       Requires: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.68-1.el7
       Installed: MariaDB-compat-10.4.25-1.el7.centos.x86_64 (@mariadb)
           mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:10.1.48-1.el7.centos
     You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
     You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
    解决办法:
    
yum remove MariaDB-common

    (2)open() "/root/tman/dist/static/js/vendor.652814051b5133caa1e9.js" failed (13: Permission denied)
    原因,nginx目录权限问题,我将项目放在root下,导致nginx权限不足,解决办法,将项目移到其他目录,如/var等
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